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الكيمياء العامة
قالب:GeneralChemTOC
محتويات
1
العامة
2
التركيب الذري
3
المحاليل, السوائل, و الغازات
4
الاتزان
5
الكيمياء الحرارية
العامة
عدل
Density
m
a
s
s
v
o
l
u
m
e
{\displaystyle {\frac {mass}{volume}}}
Moles
g
i
v
e
n
m
a
s
s
(
g
)
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
m
a
s
s
{\displaystyle {\frac {given~mass~(g)}{gram~formula~mass}}}
Percent Error
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
−
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
×
100
%
{\displaystyle {\frac {measured-accepted}{accepted}}\times 100\%}
Percent Composition (by mass)
m
a
s
s
o
f
p
a
r
t
m
a
s
s
o
f
w
h
o
l
e
×
100
%
{\displaystyle {\frac {mass~of~part}{mass~of~whole}}\times 100\%}
Molarity
m
o
l
e
s
o
f
s
o
l
u
t
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
{\displaystyle {\frac {moles~of~solute}{volume~of~solution}}}
التركيب الذري
عدل
الرمز
المعنى
الرمز
المعنى
E
{\displaystyle E}
energy
c
{\displaystyle c}
سرعة الضو
f
{\displaystyle f}
frequency
λ
{\displaystyle \lambda }
الطول الموجي
Q
{\displaystyle Q}
charge
r
{\displaystyle r}
المسافة
k
e
{\displaystyle k_{e}}
Coulomb's constant
h
{\displaystyle h}
ثابت بلانك
Energy of Wave
E
=
h
f
{\displaystyle E=hf}
Wave Relation
c
=
λ
f
{\displaystyle c=\lambda f}
Coulomb's Law
F
e
=
k
e
Q
1
Q
2
r
2
{\displaystyle F_{e}=k_{e}{\frac {Q_{1}Q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}
المحاليل, السوائل, و الغازات
عدل
Symbol
Meaning
P
{\displaystyle P}
pressure
V
{\displaystyle V}
volume
n
{\displaystyle n}
number of moles
T
{\displaystyle T}
temperature (in Kelvin)
K
f
{\displaystyle K_{f}}
molal freezing point constant
K
b
{\displaystyle K_{b}}
molal boiling point constant
χ
{\displaystyle \chi }
mole fraction
m
{\displaystyle m}
molality
M
{\displaystyle M}
molarity
Rauolt's Law
P
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
=
P
1
χ
1
+
P
2
χ
2
+
…
{\displaystyle P_{solution}=P_{1}\chi _{1}+P_{2}\chi _{2}+\dots }
Boiling Point Elevation
Δ
T
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
=
K
b
⋅
m
s
o
l
u
t
e
{\displaystyle \Delta T_{solution}=K_{b}\cdot m_{solute}}
Freezing Point Depression
Δ
T
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
=
K
f
⋅
m
s
o
l
u
t
e
{\displaystyle \Delta T_{solution}=K_{f}\cdot m_{solute}}
Ideal Gas Law
P
V
=
n
R
T
{\displaystyle PV=nRT}
Combined Gas Law
P
1
V
1
n
1
T
1
=
P
2
V
2
n
2
T
2
{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}V_{1}}{n_{1}T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}V_{2}}{n_{2}T_{2}}}}
Titration
M
A
V
A
=
M
B
V
B
{\displaystyle M_{A}V_{A}=M_{B}V_{B}}
Dilution
M
1
V
1
=
M
2
V
2
{\displaystyle M_{1}V_{1}=M_{2}V_{2}}
الاتزان
عدل
Symbol
Meaning
K
e
q
{\displaystyle K_{eq}}
equilibrium constant (general)
K
p
{\displaystyle K_{p}}
pressure equilibrium constant
K
c
{\displaystyle K_{c}}
concentration equilibrium constant
R
{\displaystyle R}
gas law constant
T
{\displaystyle T}
temperature (in Kelvin)
Δ
n
{\displaystyle \Delta n}
moles of product – moles of reactant
pH
p
H
=
−
log
[
H
+
]
{\displaystyle \mathrm {pH} =-\log {[\mathrm {H^{+}} ]}}
pOH
p
O
H
=
−
log
[
O
H
−
]
{\displaystyle \mathrm {pOH} =-\log {[\mathrm {OH^{-}} ]}}
(for water)
p
H
+
p
O
H
=
14
{\displaystyle \mathrm {pH} +\mathrm {pOH} =14}
Pressure/Concentration
K
p
=
K
c
(
R
T
)
Δ
n
{\displaystyle K_{p}=K_{c}(RT)^{\Delta n}}
Equilibrium,
for a reaction
a
A
+
b
B
→
c
C
+
d
D
{\displaystyle a\mathrm {A} +b\mathrm {B} \rightarrow c\mathrm {C} +d\mathrm {D} }
K
e
q
=
[
C
]
c
[
D
]
d
[
A
]
a
[
B
]
b
{\displaystyle K_{eq}={\frac {[\mathrm {C} ]^{c}[\mathrm {D} ]^{d}}{[\mathrm {A} ]^{a}[\mathrm {B} ]^{b}}}}
الكيمياء الحرارية
عدل
Symbol
Meaning
q
{\displaystyle q}
heat energy
m
{\displaystyle m}
mass
C
{\displaystyle C}
specific heat
T
{\displaystyle T}
temperature (in Kelvin)
Heat Transfer
q
=
m
C
Δ
T
{\displaystyle q=mC\Delta T}
Enthalpy
Δ
H
=
H
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
−
H
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
{\displaystyle \Delta H=H_{products}-H_{reactants}}
Entropy
Δ
S
=
S
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
−
S
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
{\displaystyle \Delta S=S_{products}-S_{reactants}}
Free Energy
Δ
G
=
Δ
H
−
T
Δ
S
{\displaystyle \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S}
![{\displaystyle \mathrm {pH} =-\log {[\mathrm {H^{+}} ]}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f6b90a9962bfbf6fac21259a72a1f536869ae942)
![{\displaystyle \mathrm {pOH} =-\log {[\mathrm {OH^{-}} ]}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a64f2ac3d1b19b7d84660e21ffc72bb70a657a87)
![{\displaystyle K_{eq}={\frac {[\mathrm {C} ]^{c}[\mathrm {D} ]^{d}}{[\mathrm {A} ]^{a}[\mathrm {B} ]^{b}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/122a96015b87c1c5135f00282abab2ad84917f5e)
